1/1/2024 0 Comments Midikit 4.2PaFT1-interacting protein (PaFD) partially complements the late-flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis mutant fd-3. PaFT1 ( Phalaenopsis aphrodite FLOWERING LOCUS T1) is upregulated at low temperatures and induces early flowering in rice ( Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis. Some of these homologs exhibit conserved functions in orchids. Recently, an increasing number of flowering genes have been functionally characterized in various orchid species, including homologs of FT and the gene that encodes its interacting protein, FD, in Phalaenopsis aphrodite, Oncidium Gower Ramsey, and Dendrobium nobile CONSTANS-like genes and LEAFY in Phalaenopsis aphrodite and genes for co-regulated transcription factors such as CINCINNATA-like ( TCP-like) and SQUAMOSA promoter binding-like genes ( SPL-like). Based on their expression patterns and putative roles in floral organs, advanced models have been proposed for flower development in orchids. Orchids contain several MADS-box genes that regulate flowering and flower development. Then, floral organ development continues under the control of MADS-box genes and their co-regulators. These integrators trigger the floral morphogenesis program by transmitting the floral induction signals to the floral meristem identity genes, including APETALA1 ( AP1) and LEAFY ( LFY). These pathways are integrated by floral integrators, including SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 ( SOC1), FLOWERING LOCUS D ( FD), and FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT). Flowering time in Arabidopsis depends on five genetic pathways: photoperiod, aging, gibberellin, vernalization, and autonomous pathways. Įnvironmental variations, such as changes in light, temperature, and hormone levels, control flower quality and flowering time. Information from different pathways is synthesized through floral integrator genes, whose expression instigates the transition of apical meristem from vegetative to floral phase. In recent decades, mining of genes regulating flowering pathways has been the major focus to induce breeding novelty in floriculture crops. Stability of flowering time is the key goal for breeding endeavors because it guarantees the reliable production of crops. From the perspective of horticultural importance, the flower timing often affects the quality of floriculture crops. The time of flowering is crucial for the species to adapt in their environment as their life cycle runs depending on the fine combination of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. ConclusionsĬandidate gene selection coupled with hormonal regulators brings a robust source to understand the intricate molecular regulation of flowering in precious orchids.įlowering plants are the dominant component of terrestrial landscape and play a key role in human life. Moreover, WGCNA showed that flowering control can be delineated by modules of coexpressed genes especially, MEgreen presented group of genes specific to flowering. Assessment of the endogenous hormone levels and qRT-PCR analysis of 32 pathway-responsive genes supported a role for the regulatory networks in floral bud control in A. Among candidate floral homeotic genes, the expression of two FT genes was positively correlated with flower development. Clustering analyses identified modules specific to floral transition and floral morphogenesis, providing a set of candidate regulators for the floral initiation and timing. graminifolia transcriptome across tissue types and floral developmental stages to elucidate important genetic regulators of flowering and hormones. Arundina graminifolia is a unique orchid that flowers year round, although the molecular basis of this flowering pattern remains poorly understood. Manipulation of flowering time and frequency of blooming is key to enhancing the ornamental value of orchids.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |